GENEVA (Multibagger) - Health authorities in the Gaza Strip confirmed the first case of polio in the Palestinian enclave in 25 years in August. On Sunday, the United Nations, in collaboration with Palestinian health authorities, began vaccinating some 640,000 children. Israel and Hamas agreed to brief pauses in their 11-month war in Gaza to allow the campaign to go ahead.
WHERE DID THE INFECTION COME FROM?
The same strain that later infected the Palestinian baby, from the type 2 vaccine-derived polio virus that has also been detected in wastewater in some developed countries in recent years, was detected in July in six sewage samples taken in Khan Younis and Deir al Balah.
It is not clear how the strain arrived in Gaza but genetic sequencing showed that it resembles a variant found in Egypt that could have been introduced from September 2023, the WHO said.
The U.N. health body says that a drop in routine vaccinations in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, including Gaza, has contributed to its re-emergence.
HOW IS THE VACCINATION PROGRAMME ORGANISED?
Israel's military and the Palestinian militant group Hamas have agreed to three separate, zoned three-day pauses in fighting to allow for the first round of vaccinations.
The vaccines, which were released from global emergency stockpiles, have already arrived in Gaza and are due to be issued to 640,000 children under 10 years of age.
They will be given orally by some 2,700 health care workers at medical centres and by mobile teams moving among Gaza's hundreds of thousands of people displaced by the war, U.N. aid workers say.
The World Health Organization says that a successful roll-out requires at least 95% coverage.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF POLIO SPREADING?
The Gaza case is seen as a setback for the global polio fight which has driven down cases by more than 99% since 1988 thanks to mass vaccination campaigns. Wild polio is now only endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan although more than 30 countries are still listed by the WHO as subject to outbreaks, including Gaza's neighbours Egypt and Israel.
The World Health Organization has warned of the further spread of polio within Gaza and across borders given the poor health and hygiene conditions there.
Poliomyelitis, which is spread mainly through the faecal-oral route, is a highly infectious virus that can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis and death in young children with those under 2 years old most at risk. In nearly all cases it has no symptoms, making it hard to detect.
Analysis: The recent outbreak of polio in Gaza highlights the importance of routine vaccinations and healthcare infrastructure. The collaboration between Israel, Hamas, and international organizations to conduct a mass vaccination campaign showcases the urgency of the situation. The risks of polio spreading not only within Gaza but also to neighboring countries emphasize the need for global cooperation in combating infectious diseases. This serves as a reminder of the impact of conflicts and poor sanitation on public health and underscores the significance of preventive measures in safeguarding communities.